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322 lines
14 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
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<HTML>
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<HEAD>
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<META HTTP-EQUIV="CONTENT-TYPE" CONTENT="text/html; charset=utf-8">
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<TITLE>Two-Dimensional Symbols</TITLE>
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</HEAD>
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<BODY LANG="en-GB" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000ff" VLINK="#840084" BGCOLOR="#ffffff" DIR="LTR">
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<TABLE WIDTH=100% BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=0 CELLSPACING=0 STYLE="page-break-before: always">
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<TR>
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<TH COLSPAN=3>
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<P ALIGN=CENTER>Zint Barcode Generator</P>
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</TH>
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</TR>
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<TR VALIGN=BOTTOM>
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<TD WIDTH=10%>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT><A HREF="fourstate.html">Prev</A></P>
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</TD>
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<TD WIDTH=80%></TD>
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<TD WIDTH=10%>
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<P ALIGN=RIGHT><A HREF="markings.html">Next</A></P>
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</TD>
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</TR>
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</TABLE>
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<HR>
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<H1>5.6 Two-Dimensional Symbols</H1>
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<P><A NAME="DMATRIX"></A><FONT SIZE=5><B>5.6.1 Data Matrix (ISO
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16022)</B></FONT></P>
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<P>Also known as Semacode this symbology was developed in 1989 by
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Acuity CiMatrix in partnership with the US DoD and NASA. The symbol
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can encode a large amount of data in a small area. Zint supports all
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versions of the standard from ISO 16022 as shown in the following
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table. <B>Note that ECC 000 to ECC 140 are legacy standards and that
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their use is depreciated</B>. Symbols encoded using ECC 000 to ECC
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140 will probably not be readable by most barcode readers
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manufactured since the early 1990s – use ECC 200 instead. The
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different modes are accessed using the <FONT FACE="Courier, monospace">mode=</FONT>
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option or by setting <FONT FACE="Courier, monospace">option_1</FONT>.</P>
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<TABLE WIDTH=60% BORDER=1 ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TH>Input</TH><TH>Mode</TH><TH>Error Correction Capacity</TH><TH>Recovery Capacity</TH>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>1 (default)</TD><TD>ECC 200</TD><TD>28 - 62%</TD><TD>30 - 40%</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>2</TD><TD>ECC 000</TD><TD>0%</TD><TD>0%</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>3</TD><TD>ECC 050</TD><TD>25%</TD><TD>2.8%</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>4</TD><TD>ECC 080</TD><TD>33%</TD><TD>5.5%</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>5</TD><TD>ECC 100</TD><TD>50%</TD><TD>12.6%</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>6</TD><TD>ECC 140</TD><TD>75%</TD><TD>25%</TD>
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</TR>
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</TABLE>
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<P>The size of the generated symbol can also be adjusted using the
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<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace">--ver=</FONT> option or by setting
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<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace">option_2</FONT> as shown in the table
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below. A separate symbology ID can be used to encode Health Industry
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Barcode (HIBC) data which adds a leading '+' character and a modulo-49
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check digit to the encoded data.</P>
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<TABLE WIDTH=100% BORDER=0 ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TH>ECC 200</TH><TH>ECC 000 - 140</TH>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD VALIGN=TOP><TABLE WIDTH=100% BORDER=1>
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<TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TH>Input</TH><TH>Symbol Size</TH><TH>Input</TH><TH>Symbol Size</TH>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>1</TD><TD>10 x 10</TD><TD>16</TD><TD>64 x 64</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>2</TD><TD>12 x 12</TD><TD>17</TD><TD>72 x 72</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>3</TD><TD>14 x 14</TD><TD>18</TD><TD>80 x 80</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>4</TD><TD>16 x 16</TD><TD>19</TD><TD>88 x 88</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>5</TD><TD>18 x 18</TD><TD>20</TD><TD>96 x 96</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>6</TD><TD>20 x 20</TD><TD>21</TD><TD>104 x 104</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>7</TD><TD>22 x 22</TD><TD>22</TD><TD>120 x 120</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>8</TD><TD>24 x 24</TD><TD>23</TD><TD>132 x 132</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>9</TD><TD>26 x 26</TD><TD>24</TD><TD>144 x 144</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>10</TD><TD>32 x 32</TD><TD>25</TD><TD>8 x 18</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>11</TD><TD>36 x 36</TD><TD>26</TD><TD>8 x 32</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>12</TD><TD>40 x 40</TD><TD>27</TD><TD>12 x 26</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>13</TD><TD>44 x 44</TD><TD>28</TD><TD>12 x 36</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>14</TD><TD>48 x 48</TD><TD>29</TD><TD>16 x 36</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>15</TD><TD>52 x 52</TD><TD>30</TD><TD>16 x 48</TD>
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</TR>
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</TABLE></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP><TABLE WIDTH=100% BORDER=1>
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<TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TH>Input</TH><TH>Symbol Size</TH><TH>Input</TH><TH>Symbol Size</TH>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>1</TD><TD>7 x 7</TD><TD>12</TD><TD>29 x 29</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>2</TD><TD>9 x 9</TD><TD>13</TD><TD>31 x 31</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>3</TD><TD>11 x 11</TD><TD>14</TD><TD>33 x 33</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>4</TD><TD>13 x 13</TD><TD>15</TD><TD>35 x 35</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>5</TD><TD>15 x 15</TD><TD>16</TD><TD>37 x 37</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>6</TD><TD>17 x 17</TD><TD>17</TD><TD>39 x 39</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>7</TD><TD>19 x 19</TD><TD>18</TD><TD>41 x 41</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>8</TD><TD>21 x 21</TD><TD>19</TD><TD>43 x 43</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>9</TD><TD>23 x 23</TD><TD>20</TD><TD>45 x 45</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>10</TD><TD>25 x 25</TD><TD>21</TD><TD>47 x 47</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>11</TD><TD>27 x 27</TD>
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</TR>
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</TABLE></TD>
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</TR>
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</TABLE>
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<IMG SRC="matrix.png" NAME="graphics1" ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH=44 HEIGHT=44 BORDER=0><BR CLEAR=LEFT>
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<P><A NAME="QRCODE"></A><FONT SIZE=5><B>5.6.2 QR Code (ISO 18004)</B></FONT></P>
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<P>Also known as Quick Response Code this symbology was developed by
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Denso. QR Code support in Zint relies on <I>libqrencode</I> (version
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2.0.0 or later) which is available from
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<A HREF="http://megaui.net/fukuchi/works/qrencode/index.en.html">http://megaui.net/fukuchi/works/qrencode/index.en.html</A>.
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Support for QR Code through <I>libzint</I> means that developers only
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need to write handlers for one API which covers QR Code as well as
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all of the other code symbologies provided by <I>libzint</I>. Four
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levels of error correction are available using the <FONT FACE="Courier, monospace">security=</FONT>
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option or setting <FONT FACE="Courier, monospace">option_1</FONT> as
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shown in the following table.</P>
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<TABLE WIDTH=60% BORDER=1 ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TH>Input</TH><TH>ECC Level</TH><TH>Error Correction Capacity</TH><TH>Recovery Capacity</TH>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>1</TD><TD>L (default)</TD><TD>Approx 20% of symbol</TD><TD>Approx 7%</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>2</TD><TD>M</TD><TD>Approx 37% of symbol</TD><TD>Approx 15%</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>3</TD><TD>Q</TD><TD>Approx 55% of symbol</TD><TD>Approx 25%</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>4</TD><TD>H</TD><TD>Approx 65% of symbol</TD><TD>Approx 30%</TD>
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</TR>
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</TABLE>
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<P>The size of the symbol can be set by using the <FONT FACE="Courier, monospace">vers=</FONT>
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option or setting <FONT FACE="Courier, monospace">option_2</FONT> to
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the QR Code version required (1-40). The maximum capacity of a
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(version 40) QR Code symbol is 7089 numeric digits, 4296 alphanumeric
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characters or 2953 bytes of data. A separate symbology ID can be used to encode Health Industry
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Barcode (HIBC) data which adds a leading '+' character and a modulo-49
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check digit to the encoded data.</P>
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<IMG SRC="qr.png" NAME="graphics5" ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH=50 HEIGHT=50 BORDER=0><BR CLEAR=LEFT>
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<P><A NAME="MICROQR"></A><FONT SIZE=5><B>5.6.3 Micro QR Code (ISO
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18004)</B></FONT></P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT>A miniature version of the QR Code symbol for short
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messages. ECC levels can be selected as for QR Code (above). Micro QR
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Code support does not require <I>libqrencode</I>.</P>
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<IMG SRC="microqr.png" NAME="graphics2" ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH=30 HEIGHT=30 BORDER=0><BR CLEAR=LEFT>
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<P><A NAME="MAXI"></A><FONT SIZE=5><B>5.6.4 Maxicode (ISO 16023)</B></FONT></P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT>Developed by UPS the Maxicode symbology employs a grid
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of hexagons surrounding a 'bulls-eye' finder pattern. This symbology
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is designed for the identification of parcels. Zint encodes Maxicode
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symbols in Mode 2 or Mode 3 depending on the postcode data entered.
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In these modes Maxicode symbols are composed of two parts named the
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primary and secondary messages. The primary message consists of a
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structured data field which includes various data about the package
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being sent, the secondary message usually consists of address data in
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a data structure. The format of the primary message is given in the
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following table:
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</P>
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<TABLE WIDTH=60% BORDER=1 ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TH>Characters</TH><TH>Meaning</TH>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>1-9</TD><TD>
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<P>Postcode data which can consist of up to 9
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digits (for mode 2) or up to 6 alphanumeric characters (for mode
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3). Remaining unused characters should be filled with the SPACE
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character (ASCII 32).</P></TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>10-12</TD><TD>
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<P ALIGN=CENTER>Three digit country code according to ISO 3166
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(see <A HREF="appxb.html">Appendix B</A>).</P></TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>13-15</TD><TD>
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<P ALIGN=CENTER>Three digit service code. This depends on your
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parcel courier.</P></TD>
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</TR>
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</TABLE>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT>The primary message can be designated at the command
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prompt using the <FONT FACE="Courier, monospace">--primary=</FONT>
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switch. The secondary message uses the normal data entry method. For
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example:</P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Courier, monospace">zint -o test.eps -b 57
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--primary='999999999840012' -d 'Secondary Message Here'</FONT></P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT>When using the API the primary message must be placed
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in the <FONT FACE="Courier, monospace">symbol->primary</FONT>
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string. The secondary is entered in the same way as described in
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section 4.2.</P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT>Modes 4 to 6 can be encoded using the <FONT FACE="Courier, monospace">--mode=</FONT>
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switch or by setting <FONT FACE="Courier, monospace">option_1</FONT>.
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Modes 4 to 6 do not require a primary message. For example:</P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT><FONT FACE="Courier, monospace">zint -o test.eps -b 57
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--mode=4 -d 'A MaxiCode Message in Mode 4'</FONT></P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT>Mode 6 is reserved for the maintenance of scanner
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hardware and should not be used to encode user data. All modes
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support extended ASCII characters and number compression. The maximum
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length of text which can be placed in a Maxicode symbol depends on
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the type of characters used in the text. Example maximum data lengths
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are given in the table below:</P>
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<TABLE WIDTH=60% BORDER=1 ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TH>Mode</TH><TH>Maximum Data Length for Capital Letters</TH><TH>Maximum Data Length for Numeric Digits</TH><TH>Number of Error Correction Codewords</TH>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>2 (secondary only)</TD><TD>84</TD><TD>126</TD><TD>50</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>3 (secondary only)</TD><TD>84</TD><TD>126</TD><TD>50</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>4</TD><TD>93</TD><TD>135</TD><TD>50</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>5</TD><TD>77</TD><TD>110</TD><TD>66</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>6</TD><TD>93</TD><TD>135</TD><TD>50</TD>
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</TR>
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</TABLE>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT><B>PLEASE NOTE</B> that due to the unique style of the
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Maxicode symbol not all of the options available for other
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symbologies are available. Settings for height and scale will be
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ignored. Colour options are available as with other symbologies. PNG
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output is set at a resolution of 12 pixels per millimetre (approx 300
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dpi) and uses the methods set out in Annex J of the ISO/IEC standard.</P>
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<IMG SRC="maxicode.png" NAME="graphics3" ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=200 BORDER=0><BR CLEAR=LEFT>
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<P><A NAME="AZTEC"></A><FONT SIZE=5><B>5.6.5 Aztec Code (ISO 24778)</B></FONT></P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT>Invented by Andrew Longacre at Welch Allyn Inc in 1995
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the Aztec Code symbol is a matrix symbol with a distinctive bulls-eye
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finder pattern. Zint can generate Compact Aztec Code (sometimes
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called Small Aztec Code) as well as “full-range” Aztec Code
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symbols and by default will automatically select symbol type and size
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dependent on the length of the data to be encoded. Error correction
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codewords will normally be generated to fill at least 23% of the
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symbol. Two options are available to change this behaviour:</P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT>The size of the symbol can be specified using the
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<FONT FACE="Courier, monospace">--ver=</FONT> switch followed by (or
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setting <FONT FACE="Courier, monospace">option_2</FONT> to) a value
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between 1 and 36 according to the following table:</P>
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<TABLE WIDTH=60% BORDER=1 ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TH>Value Entered</TH><TH>Symbol Generated</TH>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>1-4</TD><TD>Compact Aztec Code with [value] layers</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>5-36</TD><TD>“Full-Range” Aztec Code with [value – 4] layers</TD>
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</TR>
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</TABLE>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT>Note that in symbols which have a specified size the
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amount of error correction is dependent on the length of the data
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input and Zint will allow error correction capacities as low as 3
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codewords.</P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT>Alternatively the amount of error correction data can
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be specified by use of the <FONT FACE="Courier, monospace">--mode=</FONT>
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switch followed by (or setting <FONT FACE="Courier, monospace">option_1</FONT>
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to) a value from the following table:</P>
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<TABLE WIDTH=60% BORDER=1 ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TH>Mode</TH><TH>Error Correction Capacity</TH>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>1</TD><TD>>10% + 3 codewords</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>2</TD><TD>>23% + 3 codewords</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>3</TD><TD>>36% + 3 codewords</TD>
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</TR><TR ALIGN=CENTER>
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<TD>4</TD><TD>>50% + 3 codewords</TD>
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</TR>
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</TABLE>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT>It is not possible to select both symbol size and error
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correction capacity for the same symbol. If both options are selected
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then the error correction capacity selection will be ignored.</P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT>Aztec Code is able to encode any extended ASCII
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character data up to a maximum length of approximately 3823 numeric
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or 3067 alphabetic characters or 1914 bytes of data.</P>
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<IMG SRC="aztec.png" NAME="graphics4" ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH=46 HEIGHT=46 BORDER=0><BR CLEAR=LEFT>
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<P><A NAME="AZRUNE"></A><FONT SIZE=5><B>5.6.6 Aztec Runes</B></FONT></P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT>A truncated version of compact Aztec Code for encoding
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whole integers between 0 and 255. Includes Reed-Solomon error
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correction. As defined in ISO/IEC 24778 Annex A.</P>
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<IMG SRC="azrune.png" NAME="graphics6" ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH=22 HEIGHT=22 BORDER=0><BR CLEAR=LEFT>
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<HR>
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<TABLE WIDTH=100% BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=0 CELLSPACING=0>
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<TR>
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<TD WIDTH=33% HEIGHT=5>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT><A HREF="fourstate.html">Prev</A></P>
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</TD>
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<TD WIDTH=34%>
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<P ALIGN=CENTER><A HREF="index.html">Home</A></P>
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</TD>
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<TD WIDTH=33%>
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<P ALIGN=RIGHT><A HREF="markings.html">Next</A></P>
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</TD>
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</TR>
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<TR>
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<TD WIDTH=33%>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT>4-State Codes</P>
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</TD>
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<TD WIDTH=34%>
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<P ALIGN=CENTER> </P>
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</TD>
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<TD WIDTH=33%>
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<P ALIGN=RIGHT>Markings</P>
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</TD>
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</TR>
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